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NEW INSIGHTS ON THE HUBBLE CONSTANT SHAKE ASTROPHYSICS

Eric Martindale • Sep 06, 2022

This is the third in my series of articles on God and Science. Those who have read the first two know that I love and accept science from the perspective of Theistic Design, in which God is the grand architect who designed everything billions or more years ago. No, we’re not going to quote The Bible in this article either. 


We’re just looking at Hubble’s Law and Hubble’s Constant, and all the associated astrophysics. https://www.e-education.psu.edu/astro801/content/l10_p3.html A quick read of that article reveals that Hubble’s Law only works for distant galaxies. That’s the first indication of a serious problem. We’ll get back to that later.

Scientists are theorizing that the further away galaxies are, the faster they are moving away. According to mainstream science, that means the expansion of the universe has been speeding up for billions of years after the Big Bang. 


THE HUBBLE CONSTANT IS UTTER NONSENSE


They have calculated something called the Hubble Constant, which they believe is around 73 kilometers per second, per megaparcel. Here’s a recent article about the Hubble Constant. https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/hubble-constant-explained The Hubble Constant is useless because all it is actually does is measure TIME as it relates to the expansion rate of the universe. 


Sometimes what’s needed to understand things is not a scientific equation, but a broader objective view. The red shift data set exists, and there are thousands of measured data points. Each data point is a distant galaxy or quasar, and the longer ago the light originated, the faster they were receding. Edwin Hubble would have used the words “are receding” in that last sentence. 


This is the root source of all the misery and confusion of modern astrophysics. The only proper and reasonable view of the data is to use the words “were receding” because the data is billions of years old. It is not current data. “Are” and “were” makes all the difference in the world.  Right now, nothing makes sense in Astrophysics. They are grasping at straws with Dark Energy and Dark Matter to try to pull their theories together. Nothing is going to make sense until the Hubble Constant is tossed into the trash bin of cosmology, and replaced with something that works.


The red shift data set is so good and so consistent that scientists use the redshift of a galaxy to indicate how far away a galaxy was when the light originated. The data is correct, but they are reading it backwards. Scientists are making all sorts of equations, all based on looking at it backwards. It has become a mass delusion. This delusion started a long time ago with Edwin Hubble, https://www.nasa.gov/content/about-story-edwin-hubble and it just builds on itself because nobody with a degree in astrophysics wants to challenge “base knowledge”. I find it mind-boggling that I see this, but either they don’t, or they are afraid to challenge their peers, or challenge the works of the late and great Edwin Hubble.

THE MARTINDALE CONSTANT


My firm position is that a galaxy 11 billion light years from now, and another galaxy 1 billion light years from now, were both moving at the same speed 1 billion light years ago. They were both moving at the speed of the slower galaxy. That distant galaxy was not moving faster 1 billion years ago, and it is certainly not accelerating even faster now. All galaxies are moving at the same speed at any given time, and that speed is the expansion rate of the universe at that given time. Gravity affects the expansion rate of the entire universe over time, and affects it evenly. Let’s call this the Martindale Constant. Sure, we can do that.


I see there’s more than one spelling of the name Hubble. Yet once again, it takes a Martindale to refine the work of a Hubble / Hubbell. This Martindale who co-authored the famous Martindale-Hubbell Law Dictionary is believed to be a distant relative of mine.


Now, according to Hubble Constant thinking, very distant galaxies are currently flying away faster than the speed of light, while our galaxy and nearby galaxies are moving much slower. That’s just wrong, and no equation is going to make it right. The entire concept of the Hubble Constant is deeply flawed and wrong. 


Key to understanding the flaw is realizing that each distant galaxy only provides one data point, which is the redshift of ancient light reaching us now. They can look at galaxy “x” that is 8 billion light years away, and what they see is how fast it was moving 8 billion light years ago. That’s it. They have not one shred of evidence to prove it is still moving that fast, or faster. They just assume so, perhaps based on Newton’s First Law of Motion, https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/newtlaws/Lesson-1/Newton-s-First-Law as if gravity is not a factor. This is a fundamental logic error. All the data supports the Martindale Constant. 


According to the Martindale Constant, we know exactly how fast that same galaxy “x” was moving 5 billion years ago, 3 billion years ago, and one billion years ago. 

Just measure the redshift and speed of other galaxies that are 5 billion, 3 billion, and one billion light years away. There’s lots of data there, thousands or more good data points, and the data is closely aligned for each age group. If it weren’t, I would not suggest that gravity is affecting the expansion rate evenly over the entire universe. Apparently, there aren’t even any major exceptions that need explaining. It’s rock-solid data. It’s hard to argue with good data, but one still needs to read it correctly. The speed of that galaxy “x” has been reducing over time, and matching the speed of other galaxies of each age grouping. Yes, it really is that simple.


The Martindale Constant aligns with the data set, and validates the data set. Therefore, the ancient universe has been decelerating, not accelerating. Here I am, a 57-year-old guy from New Jersey who loves science but has never taken a single college course in astrophysics, and I’m the one who has to step up to the plate and set this straight. This is sad and embarrassing for the entire astrophysics’ community. 

Thousands of data points show a clear pattern that the younger a galaxy’s light is, the slower the galaxy is moving. This means they were all moving much faster right after the Big Bang. Objects in space moving faster after an explosion, and then slowly reducing speed due to gravity. Yes, this makes intrinsic sense. This pattern holds true up to about 600 – 650 million years ago (mya), when the pattern becomes slightly irregular. We’ll get to this, and that’s the real interesting part of this article. 


In this short article, we’ve just destroyed the entire foundation of astrophysics, and now all their equations and all their speculation on dark energy and the hyper-expansion of the universe are utter nonsense. Scientists, go back to your science, put on your thinking caps, and start over. I’m really not in your peer group, but you can peer-review this article.


THE UNIVERSE IS OLDER AND VASTLY LARGER THAN CURRENTLY CLAIMED


The implications of a decelerating universe are that the entire post-Big Bang universe is older and vastly larger, and that light from the early phases of the universe has not reached us, but eventually some of it will reach us. And that light won’t show any mature galaxies, just a vast distribution of quasars that are spewing matter and energy, and just starting to spin up their respective galaxies. Behind these quasars are even more quasars, which are younger, more energetic, and packed together even closer because space-time was less expanded at that time. 


Each quasar is now a galaxy, and according to the Martindale Constant, it is moving at roughly the same speed as our own galaxy, probably within 1%. There are at least a billion times more galaxies out there than currently estimated, and maybe more. The current estimate is 2 trillion galaxies in the observable universe https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/how-many-galaxies/, so I am now estimating 2 trillion billion galaxies, minimum. The actual mass and volume of the total universe is vastly greater than currently estimated, again by at least a billion times. We are only able to see out there about 13 billion light years, and even if the universe is only a billion years older (could be more) than the current estimate of 13.8 billion years, it was expanding tremendously faster in the first billion years, and even faster in the first thousand years. That early rapid expansion makes the current size of the universe profoundly larger.  


DARK ENERGY IS NOTHING BUT GRAVITY, THERE IS NO MYSTERY TO EXPLAIN


Take your keys out, hold them in one hand, and throw them upwards about three feet, at a 45-degree angle, and watch gravity bring them down to your other hand. This is what is happening with the universe. Now imagine the speed of the keys at each point along that trajectory, and that is how the expansion rate of space was reducing as the keys rose, and then started increasing as the keys fell. Now for some comparative observations, keys vs. universe:


  1. The speed of the keys was fastest at the instant of release. The expansion of the universe was fastest at the instant of the Big Bang
  2. Over time, gravity slowed the keys as it reached its maximum height. Over time, gravity slowed the expansion of the universe until it reached some “maximum”
  3. The speed of the keys then started increasing, becoming faster and faster as gravity pulled them down. The speed of the expansion of the universe started increasing about 600 – 650 mya. This transition is very significant.
  4. There is no dark energy. There is no mysterious force to identify and describe. There is only gravity operating over additional dimensions that we humans cannot comprehend. Much like quantum entanglement, points that appear to be far apart are actually connected in other dimensions, and gravity is operating across at least two hidden dimensions, in addition to the three physical dimensions we perceive (up/down, left/right, front/back). Gravity has decelerated the expansion of the universe just like the keys that were thrown up, and then the keys fell back to Earth. 
  5. It is quite possible that the trajectory analogy of the universe was more like a bullet being fired than keys thrown up. 


I just explained all this without using a single scientific equation. Starting with common sense is always good. As for the “closer” galaxies being out of the pattern of the Hubble Constant, they are also reading the data backwards. Imagine a point on the thrown keys’ trajectory about 55% along the way, which is about 5% after the maximum height that the keys reached. That’s about where the universe is now. Give or take a percent or two.  


Sometime around 600 or 650 mya, there was a profound event affecting our entire universe. At that time, the deceleration of the expansion rate reached some minimum, and then a slight acceleration began. If the best analogy is a ball thrown straight up, or keys thrown at an angle, the minimum expansion rate reached was quite low, and it will be easy to pin down when it reversed. However, if the best analogy is a rifle firing a bullet, the data will be hard to discern. This is an area of needed investigation.


BLACK QUASARS


We live in a universe, but physical reality is actually binary. Instead, I have seen that there are two interconnected universes which phase back and forth between “quasars on” and “quasars off” over very long periods of time. Each true galaxy in our universe currently has a galactic black hole, aka a Black Quasar. Small irregular galaxies don’t count here.


Forget all the multiverse stuff, that’s a bratty nonsense theory to explain why everything is impossibly and perfectly tuned for atoms, galaxies, and life to exist, in the absence of a divine Creator. It’s way easier to have a divine Creator.


I have coined the term Black Quasar to describe these objects. A Black Quasar is completely different from a stellar (star-created) black hole, as different as an asteroid is to a star. Both are too massive to emit light or any energy, so both are “black”, but their size, nature and geometry are profoundly different. A Black Quasar connects to the companion universe, but a black hole is completely contained within our universe. Scientists who assign black holes the same properties as a Black Quasar are wrong. Black Quasars take it to another level. Also, there are no “mid-size” black holes. None have been found, and none will be found. They should not exist because there is no mid-size source object to create them. Therefore, it’s not a mystery why they don’t exist.


There are no active quasars in our universe at this time. The light from them is still reaching us, giving the impression that they still exist, but all the quasars have since shut down. This is all connected with the actual nature of Black Matter, which is very different from what mainstream science says. All the various parts of my vision for the structure of the universe merge together and support each other, and there are far fewer gaps and mysteries than in standard astrophysics. It’s not because I’m really good at making this up. It’s because I saw it, I understood it, and now I am publishing what I saw. 


DARK MATTER EXPLAINED


Every Black Quasar in our universe is connected to an active Quasar in the companion universe, which sucks matter and energy from our universe, and spews it into the companion universe, forming and building their galaxies. Over billions of years, quasars spin up and create entire galaxies. Our universe is losing matter and energy, and our companion universe is gaining both. That is what is happening now. We “feel” each galaxy and active quasar in the companion universe via gravity associated with Black Quasars in our universe. For instance, our Milky Way is connected to another galaxy in the companion universe via our own Black Quasar, and we detect its gravity. These companion galaxies are the primary source of “dark matter”. Granted there are other sources like interstellar dust, but these companion galaxies are the major source.


However, up until about 600 to 650 mya, the pattern was reversed. Our universe had no Black Quasars, and instead every galaxy had an active Quasar / galactic center. As our universe was expanding (decelerating, but still expanding), the companion universe was contracting via additional dimensions. That contraction reached nothing via these additional dimensions, sort of like two pieces of paper coming together at faster than the speed of light, and colliding simultaneously along their entire flat surfaces. Some cosmologists refer to them as “branes”. Colliding branes caused a Big Bang in the companion universe some 600 – 650 mya.  

We don’t see light from quasars younger than about 600 - 650 mya, and since there are trillions of quasars in the universe, and this time period is about 5% of the supposed age of the universe, this creates a statistical impossibility. Why are there no younger quasars? If plotted statistically, this anomaly would be off the charts on standard deviations. The short answer is it’s statistically possible only if there are currently no active quasars anywhere in the universe. All you scientists and skeptics out there, go ahead and can crunch the numbers on this common-sense claim, and you’ll see that I must be right. Gee, we just killed off all the quasars. This is sort of like Pluto being demoted as a planet. Sigh??? Next question, if there are no active quasars, why have they all gone black? 


THE GREAT LIGHTS OUT


The companion universe had Black Quasars consuming matter and energy, and spewing it into the quasars of our universe. A Big Bang always reverses the flow of matter and energy between companion universes. A Big Bang in the companion universe some 600 – 650 mya instantly caused all of their Black Quasars to cease consuming matter and energy. Therefore, without an energy source, all of “our” quasars shut down instantly and simultaneously, all within a trillion trillionth of a second. It was as instantaneous of an event as a Big Bang. I have coined this event “The Great Lights Out”. All the quasars in our universe became Black Quasars instantly and simultaneously, about 600 – 650 mya ago. Apparently, I am the first theorist to suggest this.  


And now that the flow of matter and energy is reversed, all of the Black Quasars (galactic black holes) in our universe are consuming matter and energy from their respective galaxies, and powering the quasars in our companion universe. A quasar only makes sense if it is ejecting matter and energy from a companion universe, and therefore the universe has to be binary in nature. I saw what a quasar is, and I understood what I saw.


Up until 600 – 650 mya, every quasar in every galaxy of our universe was spewing an unimaginable amount of gamma rays. They were so strong that advance life could not develop in any galaxy. Planets where conditions were favorable for life instantly had an explosion of diversity as soon as the quasars shut down, and their energy passed out of each galaxy. Here on Earth, that explosion of life was a bit delayed by a “Snowball Earth” glaciation event, which happened to be occurring. https://opengeology.org/historicalgeology/case-studies/snowball-earth/ After some millions of years, conditions became favorable and we had the Cambrian Period and the Cambrian explosion of complex life in which all the phylum developed. My estimate of 600 – 650 million years is just an estimate. If scientists later determine that The Great Lights Out actually happened 585 or 725 mya, that won’t change the concepts in this article. 


When a Big Bang occurs, the universe with Black Quasars is completely recycled and every galaxy is destroyed when the branes collide. What is not destroyed is the Black Quasars that have all come together, packed into a small area. That universe “bounces” and every Black Quasar becomes a Quasar.  


There is an enormous flash of light and radiation at the Big Bang, but the quasars are flying apart so much faster than the speed of light that this light and radiation would be “visible / detectable” only in an orb around each quasar which is expanding at the speed of light. The quasars flew apart so fast that it would be a long time before the light from one quasar actually reached another, even though they were much more tightly packed than now in terms of the vastness of space. 


QUASARS ARE THE DIVISION OF THE BIG BANG


Standard theory holds that after the Big Bang, galaxies form, then stars, then galactic black holes, and then somehow quasars form very early on. They can’t explain how quasars form, and they never will because this is all wrong. Quasars exist from the instant of the Big Bang, and they start receiving matter from the newly formed Black Quasars in the companion universe. 

A Big Bang is the separation of the quasars, which fly apart at great speed, in excess of one light year in the first second of the Big Bang. The initial expansion of a universe after a Big Bang is incredibly rapid, and then it decelerates continuously for many billions of years. 


Also wrong is all the theories of the infinitesimal small size of the universe at the Big Bang, smaller than an atom. That’s as non-sensical as “Horton Hears a Who”, and all the multiverse stuff. I am not sure how small a universe crunches to just prior to a Big Bang, but the various laws of nature cause a bounce to occur within the last second. In some sense spacetime is “popping” in a Big Crunch, and to observers inside the collapsing universe, it’s been happening far faster than the speed of light for quite some time. They won’t “observe” the final collapse. The speed of collapse in the final second exceeds one light year per second, matching the expansion rate after a Big Bang. Some cosmologists have theorized about a bounce, and a cycle of Big Bangs and Big Crunches. I believe this is correct.  


The companion universes phase back and forth between Quasar and Black Quasar phases, and this has happened billions of times, or more, over an immensely long period of time. Our current universe could be 14 or even 16 billion years old, but it’s just one universe in a very long cycle of universes. The best analogy I can put forwards is the flashing of a strobe light, with each flash being a universe that is either “quasars on” or “quasars off.” The entire existence of our universe is just one zap of a flickering strobe light in the grand scheme of reality. I posted an image below, but it pales in beauty to what I saw.

“Our” universe that God designed is billions of years old. The whole architecture of the universe, and everything from the scientific laws to the universal constants to the Periodic Table of Elements to the principles of organic chemistry is all so amazingly and intricately designed that it allows for life, and then for the evolution of life. As I said in the last article, this proves that God exists as the Creator, just as a loaf of bread proves that a baker exists. God did that, maybe not in six Earth days, but He did that. 


Creating this whole complex system is a far greater accomplishment than what has been put forth in biblical Creationism. I really want to hold God in awe and wonder, and Creationism doesn’t accomplish that to the level of Theistic Design. Not even close. And science without God is nonsensical, because everything is too perfectly aligned and fine-tuned for life. For everything to be that perfect by random chance is an impossibility, and they know it. That’s why they have their bizarre Multiverse Theory. For me, it’s far easier to be left wondering why God exists. I already know God exists. 

In the first article of the God and Science series, I explained the concept of temporal dimensions. There is the Real Time of the universe, and then there is this special temporal (time) dimension that God created for us to live in some 6,000 to 10,000 years ago. https://www.thewelcomemovement.com/determinism-and-temporal-dimensions We are trapped in it, like characters in a movie. The temporal dimension is still up and running, and I believe we have Free Will to control its outcome. We don’t have to repeat what happened in Real Time, which is lain out in The Bible. Our temporal dimension and Real Time are both set in the same physical reality, which is the universe. They are just set at different times. The time period we are re-living is the maturation of human civilization. It’s not pure chance that we are living in THE most important time period out of billions of years of history. This time-block is super-important, and that’s why God created the special temporal dimension. Nothing in Article One is changed by today’s article. 


In the second article, I explained how DNA is far more powerful than a supercomputer, and that DNA should be seen as proof of a divine Creator. https://www.thewelcomemovement.com/dna-proves-that-god-exists Science should be viewed as a way to understand the complexity of God’s creation. It’s an absurdity to suggest that organic chemistry just happens to “work” for life to exist and to evolve, without a divine design. 


I’ve explained the source of my knowledge in the other articles of this God and science series. My great inspirations don’t come sitting at my desk, thinking and typing. They come at night, in my dreams, or while lying in bed in deep meditation at the very edge of being awake and being asleep. I’ll just snap awake with a “wow” over an idea that hits me. I’ve read that Thomas Edison and Albert Einstein also had great inspiration during dreams. Millions of people have such dreams, but very few recognize that they are divinely inspired. God is speaking to many people and giving knowledge during dreams. Be humble before God, and recognize the source. I am on a mission to reveal what I have seen in astrophysics, and also to expose more people to the concept of Theistic Design. Naysayers among both science and religion stand in my way. I don’t care. I care only about my mission. Aye, Moriarty !!!


For more information, and to review all of our blog postings including the first two articles, see www.thewelcomemovement.com   

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It’s Columbus Day, and time again for the annual tradition of historical revisionists and haters of Christianity to bash Christopher Columbus. I want none of it, and I couldn’t care less if he was Spanish, Italian, or Jewish. The case in favor of Christopher Columbus is the case for Western Civilization. If you believe that the progress of the world is being guided by the growth and maturation of Western Civilization and the spread of Christianity, then Columbus Day should be celebrated. If you believe that some other value regime is better for the world, chances are you want to vilify the man. That’s how the battle lines are drawn. History is ugly, plain and simple. It’s full of invasions, wars, slavery, oppression, famine, and misery. That didn’t start with Columbus, or with The Crusades. Not even with the Muslims that plundered and invaded the Mediterranean and southern Europe for hundreds of years, leading to the counterassault known as the Crusades in the Middle East, and as the Reconquista in Spain and Portugal. No, the evils of the world go back thousands of years, far before the founding of Christianity and Western Civilization. The glass of history isn’t half empty, it is half full. What really matters is the advances that we have today in engineering and technology, in medicine, in computers and electronics, in the arts and sciences, and in economics, literature, government, and democracy. These advances have occurred because Western Civilization and the social structure of Christian society allowed these advances to occur. Yes, there were bumps in the road like what happened to that Copernicus guy, but progress still occurred. Despite our flaws and despite all of the inequalities and injustices remaining, humanity and civilization has greatly advanced under the Christian Western system. Thank you Jesus, and thank you Columbus. This is our history, and what matters most is where we have arrived. I openly acknowledge that much work remains to be done. If I thought we were done with the need for advances, my Welcome Movement website and blog would not have been created. I would be singing the praises of Donald Trump instead of advocating that he become more Christian, more humble before God, and less crass and domineering. Christopher Columbus is important and must be honored because he’s at the very center of the progress of Western Civilization. It doesn’t matter that other explorers and pioneers set foot in North America long before Columbus. Let me explain. Yes, the Chinese visited our West Coast, and mapped it out. They referred to America as “Fusang”. The Japanese were here as well. The ancient Minoans from Crete had massive copper mines in Upper Michigan and Minnesota. The largest mine on Isle Royale in Lake Superior is called “Minong” by the Native Americans, obviously a reference to Minoan, as is the place name of Minnesota. I wonder what Sota means in ancient Minoan? I’ll put my money on cold or snow. The ancient Egyptians were here, and the Carthaginians. Maya or Maya Rata is an ancient region of Sri Lanka as well as the name of a modern province in that country, with architecture identical to that of the Mayan civilization in Mexico, and dating to the same time period. Many words, and some cultural practices and beliefs are the same in both regions, and their calendars are in synch. To this day, South Asian DNA remains a significant component in the Yucatan, Belize, and Guatemala. Here’s one of many sources on this connection https://thegr8wall.wordpress.com/2013/04/01/similarities-between-the-hindu-the-maya-culture/ There are hundreds of Muslim place names in America, from Allamunchy in New Jersey to Tallahassee in Florida. There are Medina’s and Mecca’s in multiple states, and even American towns with exact place names for small towns in Turkey. Almost all of them have the same story, which is “the place name was Native American in origin.” Native Americans in the Eastern United States and the maritime provinces of Canada fear taking ancestry DNA tests, and they bitterly resent the findings showing substantial DNA from the Mediterranean region and the Middle East. They call it the curse of the Middle Eastern DNA. Rather than accept these DNA results at face value, modern geneticists have come up with a twisted theory called The Founder Effect to try and justify the findings. It’s a really bad case of science starting with a conclusion and working backwards to find the evidence to support it. I’d love to see Elizabeth Warren’s full DNA results. No doubt it shows substantial Middle Eastern DNA, and that may be why her test result showed almost no “Native American” DNA, to her great embarrassment. The actual origin of Native Americans, especially the Creek and Cherokee, is a matter of major discussion all over the internet. https://accessgenealogy.com/native/cherokee-dna.htm and https://www.woowoomedia.com/dna-scientists-claim-that-cherokees-are-from-the-middle-east/ Yes, the Muslims were here in America in huge numbers. The famous Piri Reis map was compiled in 1513 by an Ottoman Empire admiral using older source maps that no longer exist. The Piri Reis map shows amazing detail of places not yet reached by European explorers as of 1513. Columbus records in his log encountering a wooden sailing ship on the coast of Jamaica, with occupants in colorful clothing. He could not discern their place of origin, but the Native Americans had no ships. There were Black settlements in Nicaragua and Costa Rica prior to the slave trade, and likely founded by Muslim traders from Senegal and Guinea. They left gold artifacts with an unusual alloy mix identical to gold produced in Guinea, West Africa, and found nowhere else in the world. Various European groups such as the Vikings, the Basque, the Welsh, the Irish, and the Templars were likely in America as well. Their contact may have been more fleeting, but they also left various artifacts. The explorer Giovanni Verrazano was the first modern European to visit what is now Newport, Rhode Island. His log and his map note a stone tower which is still standing and shrouded in controversy. It’s clearly of European architecture, and it has been repaired and repointed so many times that nobody knows for sure who first built it, or when. Carbon dating of mortar can only prove when a repointing occurred, not when the stones were lain. Here’s one of hundreds of theories on the tower. http://www.jasoncolavito.com/blog/did-giovanni-verrazano-visit-the-newport-tower Doesn’t all of this make the case that Columbus was not so important? Not at all, just read on. What was the result of all those settlements and civilizations from all those great peoples from all of those places? What came of them? What lasting advances were made? How was the world made a better place? The answer is nothing. Nothing at all. The Muslims in particular were all over North America and left so many place names, but the physical and cultural contact was largely lost at least 200 years before Columbus, and the religion was extinct in the West by the time the Europeans colonists arrived. The contact that really mattered was the contact made by Columbus in the name of Kingdom of Spain. And that contact came only months after the last Muslim forces in Spain surrendered, and the Reconquista was complete. The knowledge of Columbus’s voyage swept Europe, and led to the major European powers exploring and settling the America’s. A vast exchange of plants and animals occurred called The Columbian Exchange. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbian_exchange It is considered an epic event in world history. The connection of the Old and New worlds had a profound impact on all of humanity. Europe accumulated massive wealth and power, and overpopulated from the new calorie-rich food supplies, especially corn and potatoes, that were imported and grown all over Europe. Much of that overpopulation was sent to other parts of the world as conquerors and immigrants. There was nothing like the Columbian Exchange resulting from any of the earlier civilizations that visited America. Cattle, sheep, pigs, and horses didn’t make it to the New World with the Minoans, Mayans, Muslims, or any other Pre-Columbian group. Turkeys, corn, potatoes, tobacco, and tomatoes didn’t arrive in Europe either. There was no massive collapse of the Native American population from disease, and the migrants from the Old World in those past eras eventually mixed with the Natives and lost their cultural identities. The next question is, was the Columbian Exchange a good thing? Would the world have been a better place, or advanced quicker, without this exchange. The answer is probably No. Human civilization had several opportunities for civilization to greatly advance in the past, and become “modern”. Ancient Egypt was very advanced in many regards, and even today with our best modern technology, we could not build the great pyramids. There are depictions in Egyptian art of devices that look like flying machines and even lightbulbs. Another drawing shows a baby mammoth, perhaps from Labrador? Airplanes may have flown the skies of ancient India as well. The Muslim World was very advanced around the year 1000. They also experimented with electricity and had batteries. They made spectacular advances in science and mathematics, and they founded the world’s first true universities. Timbuktu in Mali had a university before any in the Christian world. The ancient Chinese used natural gas for lighting and heating, and possibly manufacturing. They had thousands of miles of natural gas pipelines made out of bamboo. Their naval armada sailed all around the Indian Ocean, and contained huge wooden ships called junks that were far larger than those of any European power. Well, what became of these civilizations and their advances? The answer is about the same as what became of the explorers and settlers that reached America before Columbus. That answer is very little. Those civilizations reached their glory days, and then faded. That’s why they deserve to be little more than historical footnotes. It’s the history of the Christian West that really counted. What succeeded was the work of Columbus, and all the advances in Europe that happened only because the European powers extracted so much wealth from the New World, and benefitted from trade. In the 1700’s something happened in England and the American colonies that never happened any time in the history of the world. We experienced the Industrial Revolution. All of the world has benefitted. The Industrial Revolution happened within the context of Christianity and Christian civilization. It didn’t happen in ancient Egypt, Baghdad, or China. There is something about our Western value system, our views, and our perspective on the world that lends itself to social and economic development, and to democracies replacing monarchies. A key series of events occurred. First, the Renaissance led to the invention of the printing press in Germany by Johannes Guttenberg. Second, the mass printing of The Bible made the Protestant reformation inevitable. Third, the Protestant reformation set the stage for capitalism, the industrial revolution, and the rise of democracy. Thus, all of our great advances are rooted in our Christian value system, and in the rise of modern Christianity. I certainly don’t bash the Catholics, but we’d probably still be sailing in wooden ships with cannons, and living in monarchies, if Martin Luther didn’t post his 95 theses. Other religions and other value systems don’t generate societies as successful as that of the Christian West. Christopher Columbus and his voyages were a key step in the entire development of Western Civilization, and led to the rise of Europe. That’s not only our history, it’s the most relevant history of the world. Ours is the system and the culture that has conquered the world in so many ways, not just militarily. All major aspects of society from religion and democracy to education, medicine, science, engineering, technology, and the arts has largely derived from that of Western Christian civilization. Thank you, Christopher Columbus. You created our world. Yes, you deserve to be celebrated, warts and all. If some great revolution covering all aspects of society had happened in Japan, Nigeria, or Iran instead of in Europe, surely the world’s history, technology, and culture would be focused on their past instead. Our homes and businesses, and our public infrastructure, would be modeled after some other part of the world. But no, that didn’t happen. We don’t have natural gas pipelines made out of bamboo, do we? Modern western cities, even places like Dubai, Seoul, Tokyo, Brazilia, and Nairobi, don’t look like Jericho. The rest of the world is modeled after us. This is the ultimate legacy of Christopher Columbus. This matters way more than him spreading slavery or being responsible for diseases, oppression, and murder that claimed the lives of the Taino natives on Hispaniola. Equal and greater evils had been happening for thousands of years, and WITHOUT any advance of civilization to show for it. Yes, the glass of history is half full, not half empty. The misery wrought by Columbus has born fruit and created the modern world. 
We know there has been oppression associated with Western Civilization. We know there have been wars, and there will be more. We know there are great injustices still unresolved. We know that our history wasn’t perfect, and the motives of whole nations and empires were selfish and insincere. But we also know that progress occurs in phases. For instance, our Founding Fathers simply could not have established a system of democracy covering women and racial minorities. They just weren’t ready. They were the most progressive and advanced people in power anywhere in the world at the time, but the best they could implement was democracy and equality for all White men. They weren’t ready. Society wasn’t ready. Should we mock and blame them for the great steps that they took, and demand that their names be removed from public buildings? No, that’s just plain ignorant. The Founding Fathers took the first steps. Nobody else took them, did they? No other society in the world was on a path towards the full equality of all men in their society, no less to include women and other racial groups. In time, other people took the necessary further steps, and the social structure of our Christian-based society allowed it to happen. That’s how progress unfolds, that’s how history moves forwards. What about good ole’ Chris? Didn’t he bring misery and oppression wherever he visited. Well, he wasn’t ready to establish a just and fair society either. He was only ready to expand the empire of Spain, and the fortunes of businessmen there. The nations of Europe were ready to advance themselves, and to spread Christianity to other lands. That was about it, at that time. Are the indigenous peoples of the America’s, Africa, and Asia better off as Christians, and for adopting Western Civilization? Absolutely. Not a doubt about it. The Christian value system is the best value system, and the best proof of this claim is the development of the modern world. Thank you, Christopher Columbus. The real reason some people hate Columbus and our Founding Fathers is their desire for historical revisionism not just for Columbus, but for all of history. They want to portray the whole world as groups of people in conflict with other groups, and as exploiting and oppressing other groups. This is their message, this is their venom, and this is their politics. They are an unholy alliance of socialist, anarchists, atheists, and artists. They hate religion, especially Christianity. They want no limits on sexual morality or substance abuse. They are advancing a culture war, and they have largely conquered academia, the media, the fashion and entertainment industries, and the tech sector. Their intellectual development is that of a rebellious teenager. Yet collectively, they have more power than our political leaders, and they have the full determination to use it to dominate our society. That’s what Columbus bashing is all about, and it’s time for everyone to choose sides on this issue. It’s not about analyzing history and respecting the progress that humanity has made. Nor is it about building on that progress, and planning the next steps. Nope, Columbus bashing is all about spreading hate and political mischief, and upending our entire society. And the tip of the pitchfork is pointing squarely at the neck of Christopher Columbus. Our best defense is to educate the public on the role of Christopher Columbus in the advancement of Western Civilization. I have no problem with cities and towns having an Indigenous People’s Day. There’s about 350 days not designated as any kind of holiday in this country. Pick one of them. The second Monday in October is already taken. For more information, and to review all of our blog postings, see www.thewelcomemovement.com 

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